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an outline of a composition

  • 1 план

    1. plan, scheme, design, project; blue-print
    (разположение на град, жилище, градина) lay out
    (чертеж) blue-print; draught; design
    петгодишен план a five-year plan
    учебен план syllabus, curriculum
    огневи план воен. a fire plan
    план на града map; lay out
    план на съчинение an outline of a composition
    план на действие a plan of action/procedure
    по план according to plan
    без план planlessly, unsystema-tically
    съставям план devise/work out/elaborate a plan/project/scheme
    снемам план на make a plan of
    снемам от план a remove/cancel s.th. from the plan
    цифри по плана target figures
    2. изк. преден план foreground
    среден план second/middle distance
    заден план background
    едър план кино, телев. close-up
    излизам на преден план прен. come to the fore
    оставам на заден план прен. be put aside, be shelved
    отстъпвам на заден план прен. recede into the background
    слагам нещо на заден план прен. lay s.th. aside, shelve s.th.
    3. (намерение) plan, intention
    съвпадам с плановете на някого suit a person's book
    какви са ти плановете за утре? what are your plans for tomorrow? what are you planning to do tomorrow?
    кроя планове за make plans for
    разстройвам/обърквам плановете на някого spoil/upset s.o.'s plans; upset s.o.'s applecart
    нямам планове have no plans, have nothing in prospect
    4. (в литературата) aspect, angle, level, light
    на този план at this level
    в друг план from a different angle, in a different angle, in a different light
    * * *
    м., -ове, (два) пла̀на 1. plan, scheme, design, project; blue-print; ( разположение на град, жилище, градина) lay-out; ( чертеж) blue-print; draught; design; благоустройствен \план structure plan; генерален \план master plan; действам без \план muddle on; \план на съчинение an outline of a composition; по \план as planned; съставям \план devise/work out/elaborate a plan/project/scheme; учебен \план syllabus, curriculum;
    2. изк.: едър \план кино., тв close-up; заден \план background; излизам на преден \план прен. come to the fore; общ \план кино. general context; оставам на заден \план прен. be put aside, be shelved; отстъпвам на заден \план прен. recede into the background; преден \план foreground; слагам нещо на заден \план прен. lay s.th. aside, shelve s.th.;
    3. ( намерение) plan, intention; разстройвам/обърквам \плановете на някого spoil/upset s.o.’s plans; upset s.o.’s applecart;
    4. (в литературата) aspect, angle, level, light; в друг \план in a different light.
    * * *
    plan: What are your планs for the weekend? - Какви са плановете ти за уикенда?, work out a план - съставям план, act according to the план - действам по плана; blueprint (чертеж); draft (чертеж); conception; contrivance; device{di`vais}; diagram; groundwork; lay-out (карта); project{`prOdjekt}; scheme; skeleton: close план - близък план
    * * *
    1. (в литературата) aspect, angle, level, light 2. (намерение) plan, intention 3. (разположение на град, жилище, градина) lay out 4. (чертеж) blue-print;draught;design 5. 1, plan, scheme, design, project;blue-print 6. ПЛАН на града map;lay out 7. ПЛАН на действие a plan of action/procedure 8. ПЛАН на съчинение an outline of a composition 9. без ПЛАН planlessly, unsystema-tically 10. в друг ПЛАН from a different angle, in a different angle, in a different light 11. действувам без ПЛАН muddle on 12. едър ПЛАН кино, телев. close-up 13. заден ПЛАН background 14. изк.: преден ПЛАН foreground 15. излизам на преден ПЛАН прен. come to the fore 16. какви са ти ПЛАНовете за утре? what are your plans for tomorrow?what are you planning to do tomorrow? 17. кроя ПЛАНове за make plans for 18. на този ПЛАН at this level 19. нямам ПЛАНове have no plans, have nothing in prospect 20. огневи ПЛАН воен. a fire plan 21. оставам на заден ПЛАН прен. be put aside, be shelved 22. отстъпвам на заден ПЛАН прен. recede into the background 23. пo ПЛАН according to plan 24. петгодишен ПЛАН a five-year plan 25. привеждам в изпълнение ПЛАН put a plan into execution 26. производствен ПЛАН a production plan 27. разстройвам/обърквам ПЛАНовете на някого spoil/upset s. o.'s plans;upset s.o.'s applecart 28. слагам нещо на заден ПЛАН прен. lay s.th. aside, shelve s.th. 29. снемам ПЛАН на make a plan of 30. снемам от ПЛАН a remove/cancel s. th. from the plan 31. спускам ПЛАН forward a plan (to different units for execution) 32. среден ПЛАН second/middle distance 33. съвпадам с ПЛАНовете на някого suit a person's book 34. съставям ПЛАН devise/work out/elaborate a plan/project/scheme 35. учебен ПЛАН syllabus, curriculum 36. цифри no ПЛАНa target figures

    Български-английски речник > план

  • 2 план сочинения

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > план сочинения

  • 3 сочинение

    1. composition; writing; work; thesis; parataxis; coordination
    2. essay
    3. work
    4. writing
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. выдумывание (сущ.) выдумывание; измышление; изобретение; придумывание; фантазирование
    2. писание (сущ.) писание

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > сочинение

  • 4 ramow|y

    adj. 1. (w kształcie ramy) frame attr.
    - antena ramowa a frame aerial
    2. (ogólny) general
    - ramowy plan wypracowania an outline of a composition
    - ramowy program konferencji conference programme in general outline

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ramow|y

  • 5 esbozo

    m.
    sketch, outline.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: esbozar.
    * * *
    1 sketch, outline, rough draft
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Arte) sketch
    2) [de plan] outline
    * * *
    a) (Art) sketch
    b) ( de proyecto) outline, rough draft
    c) ( de sonrisa) hint
    * * *
    = outline, sketch, adumbration, rough sketch, rough draft.
    Ex. It may be helpful to begin with a careful reading of the definitions before attempting to deal with the outline.
    Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    Ex. The article ' adumbrations on the information support centre' suggests that each type of library must examine the functions, circumstances, and needs of its particular clientele.
    Ex. Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    Ex. This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.
    * * *
    a) (Art) sketch
    b) ( de proyecto) outline, rough draft
    c) ( de sonrisa) hint
    * * *
    = outline, sketch, adumbration, rough sketch, rough draft.

    Ex: It may be helpful to begin with a careful reading of the definitions before attempting to deal with the outline.

    Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    Ex: The article ' adumbrations on the information support centre' suggests that each type of library must examine the functions, circumstances, and needs of its particular clientele.
    Ex: Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    Ex: This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.

    * * *
    1 ( Art) sketch
    2 (de un proyecto) outline, rough draft
    * * *

    Del verbo esbozar: ( conjugate esbozar)

    esbozo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    esbozó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    esbozar    
    esbozo
    esbozar ( conjugate esbozar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ figura› to sketch

    b) ‹idea/tema› to outline

    esbozo sustantivo masculino
    a) (Art) sketch


    esbozar verbo intransitivo
    1 (un proyecto, un dibujo) to sketch, outline
    2 (amagar un gesto) to hint, give a hint of: esbozó un saludo, he gave a hint of a wave
    esbozo sustantivo masculino sketch, outline, rough draft
    ' esbozo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    esbozar
    English:
    outline
    - sketch
    - manage
    - profile
    * * *
    esbozo nm
    1. [de dibujo, plano] sketch, outline
    2. [de directrices, tema, plan] outline
    3. [de gesto, sonrisa] hint
    * * *
    m sketch; de idea, proyecto etc outline
    * * *
    esbozo nm
    1) : sketch
    2) : rough draft

    Spanish-English dictionary > esbozo

  • 6 bosquejo

    m.
    sketch.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: bosquejar.
    * * *
    1 (dibujo) sketch; (plan etc) outline
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Arte) sketch
    2) (=forma provisional) [de idea] sketch, outline; [de plan] draft
    * * *
    masculino (Art) sketch; ( de novela) outline

    presentó or hizo un bosquejo de sus planes — he outlined his plans, he gave a brief outline of his plans

    * * *
    = sketch, study print.
    Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    Ex. For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.
    * * *
    masculino (Art) sketch; ( de novela) outline

    presentó or hizo un bosquejo de sus planes — he outlined his plans, he gave a brief outline of his plans

    * * *
    = sketch, study print.

    Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.

    Ex: For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.

    * * *
    ( Art) sketch; (de una novela) outline
    presentó or hizo un bosquejo de sus planes he outlined his plans, he gave a brief outline of his plans
    * * *

    Del verbo bosquejar: ( conjugate bosquejar)

    bosquejo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    bosquejó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    bosquejar    
    bosquejo
    bosquejar ( conjugate bosquejar) verbo transitivo (Art) to sketch, make a sketch of;
    ‹idea/proyecto› to outline, sketch out
    bosquejo sustantivo masculino (Art) sketch;
    ( de novela) outline
    bosquejar vtr (trazar líneas) to sketch, outline
    (insinuar una idea, un plan) to draft, outline
    bosquejo m (de una figura, pintura) sketch, study
    (de una idea, un proyecto) draft, outline
    ' bosquejo' also found in these entries:
    English:
    sketch
    * * *
    1. [esbozo] sketch
    2. [de idea, tema, situación] rough outline
    * * *
    m
    1 de dibujo sketch
    2 fig
    de concepto, plan outline
    * * *
    1) trazado: outline, sketch
    2) : draft
    * * *
    bosquejo n sketch [pl. sketches]

    Spanish-English dictionary > bosquejo

  • 7 boceto

    m.
    sketch, rough outline.
    * * *
    1 sketch (proyecto) outline
    * * *
    noun m.
    sketch, outline
    * * *
    SM (=esquema) sketch, outline; (=diseño) design; (=maqueta) model, mock-up
    * * *
    masculino ( dibujo) sketch; ( de proyecto) outline
    * * *
    = sketch, rough draft, study print, rough sketch.
    Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    Ex. This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.
    Ex. For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.
    Ex. Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    ----
    * cuaderno de bocetos = sketchbook [sketch book].
    * * *
    masculino ( dibujo) sketch; ( de proyecto) outline
    * * *
    = sketch, rough draft, study print, rough sketch.

    Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.

    Ex: This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.
    Ex: For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.
    Ex: Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    * cuaderno de bocetos = sketchbook [sketch book].

    * * *
    1 (dibujo) sketch
    * * *

    boceto sustantivo masculino ( dibujo) sketch;
    ( de proyecto) outline
    boceto m Arte sketch, outline u (borrador) outline, plan
    ' boceto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dibujar
    English:
    design
    * * *
    boceto nm
    1. [dibujo] sketch, rough outline
    2. [de proyecto] outline
    * * *
    m sketch
    * * *
    boceto nm
    : sketch, outline
    * * *
    boceto n sketch [pl. sketches]

    Spanish-English dictionary > boceto

  • 8 escribir

    v.
    to write.
    hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time
    todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learned (how) to write
    escribir a lápiz to write in pencil
    escribir a mano to write by hand
    * * *
    (pp escrito,-a)
    1 (gen) to write
    2 (deletrear) to spell, write
    1 to write
    1 (deletrear) to spell, be spelt
    ■ ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?
    2 (uso recíproco) to write to each other
    \
    escribir a mano to write in longhand, write by hand
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    ( pp escrito)
    1. VT VI
    1) [+ palabra, texto] to write

    el que esto escribe — [gen] the present writer; (Prensa) this correspondent

    2) [en ortografía] to spell

    "voy" se escribe con "v" — "voy" is spelled with a "v"

    ¿cómo se escribe eso? — how is that spelled?, how do you spell that?

    3) [+ cheque] to write out, make out
    4) [+ música] to compose, write
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( anotar) to write
    b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write
    2.
    escribir vi to write

    nunca le escribe — she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him

    3.
    escribirse v pron (recípr)
    * * *
    = put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.
    Ex. Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.
    Ex. Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.
    Ex. For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.
    Ex. When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.
    Ex. With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex. To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.
    Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
    Ex. On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.
    Ex. Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.
    Ex. His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.
    Ex. Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.
    Ex. Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.
    Ex. Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.
    Ex. The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.
    Ex. The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.
    Ex. All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.
    ----
    * arte de escribir = penmanship.
    * arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.
    * brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.
    * capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * escribir a mano = handletter.
    * escribir a máquina = type.
    * escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * escribir con tiza = chalk.
    * escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].
    * escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].
    * escribir mal = misspell.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * escribir rápidamente = dash off.
    * escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.
    * escribir un trabajo = write + essay.
    * forma de escribir = writing style.
    * máquina de escribir = typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.
    * papel de escribir = writing paper.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.
    * saber leer y escribir = be literate.
    * sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].
    * sobreescribir = type over.
    * tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.
    * volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( anotar) to write
    b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write
    2.
    escribir vi to write

    nunca le escribe — she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him

    3.
    escribirse v pron (recípr)
    * * *
    = put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.

    Ex: Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.

    Ex: Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.
    Ex: For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.
    Ex: When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.
    Ex: With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex: To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.
    Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
    Ex: On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.
    Ex: Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.
    Ex: His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.
    Ex: Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.
    Ex: Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.
    Ex: Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.
    Ex: The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.
    Ex: The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.
    Ex: All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.
    * arte de escribir = penmanship.
    * arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.
    * brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.
    * capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * escribir a mano = handletter.
    * escribir a máquina = type.
    * escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * escribir con tiza = chalk.
    * escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].
    * escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].
    * escribir mal = misspell.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * escribir rápidamente = dash off.
    * escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.
    * escribir un trabajo = write + essay.
    * forma de escribir = writing style.
    * máquina de escribir = typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.
    * papel de escribir = writing paper.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.
    * saber leer y escribir = be literate.
    * sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].
    * sobreescribir = type over.
    * tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.
    * volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].

    * * *
    vt
    A
    1 (anotar) to write
    escribe el resultado aquí write the answer here
    escríbelo antes de que se te olvide write it down before you forget it
    lo escribió con tiza en la puerta she chalked it on the door
    había algunos comentarios escritos con lápiz en el margen somebody had penciled in some comments o had written some comments in pencil in the margin
    escribe esta frase cien veces write this sentence out one hundred times
    2 (ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta› to write
    esta victoria escribe una nueva página de nuestra historia with this victory a new chapter has been written in our history
    3 (Inf) ‹programa› to write
    B ( pas)
    (deletrear): se escribe como se pronuncia it's written o spelled as it's pronounced
    no sé cómo se escribe su apellido I don't know how you spell his surname
    estas palabras se escriben sin acento these words are written without an accent, these words don't have an accent
    ■ escribir
    vi
    to write
    no sabe leer ni escribir she can't read or write
    mi hermano nunca me escribe my brother never writes me ( AmE) o ( BrE) writes to me
    nos escribimos desde hace años we've been writing to each other o we've been corresponding for years
    escribirse CON algn:
    me escribo con ella we write to each other
    se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal
    * * *

     

    escribir ( conjugate escribir) verbo transitivo
    1


    b) ( ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta› to write

    2 ( ortográficamente) to write;

    no sé cómo se escribe I don't know how you spell it;
    se escribe sin acento it's written without an accent
    verbo intransitivo
    to write;
    ◊ nunca le escribe she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him;

    escribir a máquina to type
    escribirse verbo pronominal ( recípr): me escribo con ella we write to each other;
    se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal
    escribir verbo transitivo to write
    (a máquina, en el ordenador) to type

    ' escribir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absoluta
    - absoluto
    - anotar
    - apuntar
    - carro
    - cinta
    - de
    - decidirse
    - don
    - escritura
    - gustar
    - letra
    - máquina
    - margarita
    - número
    - pluma
    - tabulador
    - teclado
    - teclear
    - velocidad
    - acentuar
    - comer
    - dictado
    - dorso
    - garabatear
    - maquinilla
    - plumilla
    - poner
    - rodillo
    - tinta
    English:
    antiquated
    - chalk
    - contribute
    - daisywheel
    - formality
    - inspiration
    - intend
    - keep
    - literate
    - make out
    - neatly
    - paint in
    - pen
    - print
    - put
    - quill pen
    - spell
    - toss off
    - type
    - typewriter
    - waffle
    - write
    - write in
    - write out
    - writing
    - can
    - dash
    - get
    - loss
    - review
    - rewrite
    - skill
    - state
    - stencil
    - whichever
    - writer
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [carta, novela, canción] to write;
    le escribí una carta I wrote him a letter, I wrote a letter to him;
    escribió unas notas a lápiz she wrote some notes in pencil;
    escriba las instrucciones en un papel write the instructions on a piece of paper;
    se ha escrito mucho sobre este tema much has been written on this subject;
    ha escrito una página brillante en la historia del ciclismo he has added a glorious page to cycling history
    2. [a persona, institución] to write;
    hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time;
    nos han escrito muchos oyentes protestando many listeners have written in complaining;
    ¡escríbenos cuando llegues! write to us when you get there!;
    escribir a casa to write home
    ♦ vi
    to write;
    todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learnt (how) to write;
    escribe muy mal y no se le entiende nada he has terrible handwriting and you can't understand a word of it;
    escribir a lápiz to write in pencil;
    escribir a mano to write by hand;
    ¡no te olvides de escribir! don't forget to write!
    * * *
    <part escrito>
    I v/t
    1 write;
    escribir a mano hand-write, write by hand;
    2 ( deletrear) spell
    II v/i write
    * * *
    escribir {33} v
    1) : to write
    2) : to spell
    * * *
    1. (en general) to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]
    2. (deletrear) to spell [pt. & pp. spelt]
    ¿sabes escribirlo? can you spell it?
    ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?
    3. (pintar) to work / to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]

    Spanish-English dictionary > escribir

  • 9 configuración

    f.
    1 configuration, organization, arrangement, disposition.
    2 settings, setting.
    * * *
    1 configuration, shape
    2 INFORMÁTICA configuration
    \
    la configuración del terreno the lie of the land
    * * *
    SF
    1) [gen] shape, configuration
    2) (Inform) configuration
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( proceso) shaping
    b) (forma, estructura) shape, configuration (frml or tech)
    2) (Inf) configuration
    * * *
    = building, command setting, configuration, setting, set-up, shaping.
    Ex. Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.
    Ex. To use the 'default,' or built-in command setting, simply press RETURN.
    Ex. Is the hardware configuration required by the software available, for example, amount of storage, number and capacity of disc drives, addressable screen cursors etc?.
    Ex. More often, you will be asked to enter information or choose certain settings.
    Ex. Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    Ex. The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.
    ----
    * pantalla de Configuración de Opciones = Setup Options screen.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( proceso) shaping
    b) (forma, estructura) shape, configuration (frml or tech)
    2) (Inf) configuration
    * * *
    = building, command setting, configuration, setting, set-up, shaping.

    Ex: Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.

    Ex: To use the 'default,' or built-in command setting, simply press RETURN.
    Ex: Is the hardware configuration required by the software available, for example, amount of storage, number and capacity of disc drives, addressable screen cursors etc?.
    Ex: More often, you will be asked to enter information or choose certain settings.
    Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    Ex: The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.
    * pantalla de Configuración de Opciones = Setup Options screen.

    * * *
    A
    1 (proceso) shaping
    factores que contribuyen a la configuración de la personalidad factors that affect the way one's personality is shaped o formed, factors that contribute to the shaping of one's personality
    2 (forma, estructura) shape, configuration ( frmlor tech)
    la configuración del nuevo gabinete de ministros the composition of the new cabinet
    en la actual configuración del mundo in the current world situation
    la configuración del terreno the lie of the land
    B ( Inf) configuration
    Compuesto:
    memory configuration
    * * *

    configuración sustantivo femenino
    1 configuration
    2 Inform configuration
    ' configuración' also found in these entries:
    English:
    configuration
    - shape
    * * *
    1. [formación] shaping, forming;
    la configuración de un nuevo orden mundial the shaping o forming of a new world order
    2. [disposición] configuration;
    [de la costa] outline, shape; [de ciudad] layout;
    la configuración del terreno the lie o lay of the land
    3. Informát configuration
    * * *
    f
    1 configuration
    2 INFOR set-up, configuration
    * * *
    configuración nf, pl - ciones : configuration, shape

    Spanish-English dictionary > configuración

  • 10 entwerfen

    entwerfen v 1. COMP draft; 2. GEN plan, sketch, design, outline; 3. RECHT draft, make a draft
    * * *
    v 1. < Comp> draft; 2. < Geschäft> plan, sketch, design, outline; 3. < Recht> draft, make a draft
    * * *
    Entwerfen
    (Vertrag) composition.

    Business german-english dictionary > entwerfen

  • 11 borrador

    adj.
    erasing, deleting.
    m.
    1 rough draft (escrito).
    2 board duster.
    3 eraser, rubber.
    4 first draft, rough work, draft, draft text.
    5 sketch, rough outline.
    * * *
    1 (escrito) rough version, first draft
    2 (croquis) rough sketch
    3 (de pizarra) duster
    4 (goma) eraser, GB rubber
    5 (libro) rough book
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=versión) [de texto] first draft, rough copy; [de pintura, dibujo] rough sketch
    2) (=cuaderno) scribbling pad, scratch pad (EEUU); (Com) daybook
    3) [para pizarra] rubber, duster, eraser (EEUU)
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de redacción, carta) rough draft; (de contrato, proyecto) draft; ( de dibujo) sketch
    b) ( cuaderno) scratch pad (AmE), rough book (BrE)
    2) ( para la pizarra) eraser (AmE), board rubber (BrE); ( goma de borrar) (Col, Méx, Ven) eraser
    * * *
    = blueprint, preprint [pre-print], proof sheet, draft, rough draft, draft copy, rough sketch, sketch.
    Ex. In his book on the subject Hopkins lists and describes more than 600 such policy blueprints prepared by the Commission during the period 1958-1978.
    Ex. Publishing preprints on the Internet speeds up the dissemination process.
    Ex. These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.
    Ex. Selected authors will be provided with guidelines to assist them in preparing their papers or posters, first drafts of which will be due by December 15, 2002.
    Ex. This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.
    Ex. This is the final version of the draft copy on the preservation of digital collections available on the World Wide Web.
    Ex. Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    ----
    * borrador de + Nombre = draft + Nombre.
    * borrador de trabajo = working paper.
    * borrador escrito a mano = manuscript draft.
    * borrador escrito a máquina = typewritten draft.
    * redacción de borradores = drafting.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de redacción, carta) rough draft; (de contrato, proyecto) draft; ( de dibujo) sketch
    b) ( cuaderno) scratch pad (AmE), rough book (BrE)
    2) ( para la pizarra) eraser (AmE), board rubber (BrE); ( goma de borrar) (Col, Méx, Ven) eraser
    * * *
    = blueprint, preprint [pre-print], proof sheet, draft, rough draft, draft copy, rough sketch, sketch.

    Ex: In his book on the subject Hopkins lists and describes more than 600 such policy blueprints prepared by the Commission during the period 1958-1978.

    Ex: Publishing preprints on the Internet speeds up the dissemination process.
    Ex: These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.
    Ex: Selected authors will be provided with guidelines to assist them in preparing their papers or posters, first drafts of which will be due by December 15, 2002.
    Ex: This paper describes the program devised to extract references from the OCLC data base and generate bibliographies in rough draft form.
    Ex: This is the final version of the draft copy on the preservation of digital collections available on the World Wide Web.
    Ex: Intelligent software that brings rough sketches to life in a virtual world is promising to revolutionise the way children learn and to help engineers.
    Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    * borrador de + Nombre = draft + Nombre.
    * borrador de trabajo = working paper.
    * borrador escrito a mano = manuscript draft.
    * borrador escrito a máquina = typewritten draft.
    * redacción de borradores = drafting.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de una redacción, carta) rough draft; (de un contrato, proyecto) draft; (de un dibujo) sketch
    lo hice en borrador I did it in rough
    2 (cuaderno) scratch pad ( AmE), rough book ( BrE)
    B
    1 (para la pizarra) eraser ( AmE), board rubber ( BrE)
    2 ( Col) (goma de borrar) eraser
    * * *

     

    borrador sustantivo masculino
    1 (de redacción, carta) rough draft;
    (de contrato, proyecto) draft;
    ( de dibujo) sketch;

    2 ( para la pizarra) eraser (AmE), board rubber (BrE)
    borrador sustantivo masculino
    1 (escrito provisional) rough copy, US rough draft
    2 (croquis) rough o preliminary sketch
    3 (de la pizarra) GB duster, US eraser
    ' borrador' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    boceto
    - redacción
    - cuaderno
    English:
    draft
    - rough
    - duster
    - scrap
    - scratch
    * * *
    1. [escrito] rough draft;
    hazlo en borrador y luego pásalo a limpio do a rough version first and then do a neat version
    borrador de acuerdo draft agreement
    2. [dibujo] sketch
    3. [para pizarra] Br board duster, US blackboard eraser
    4. [goma de borrar] Br rubber, US eraser
    * * *
    m
    1 para pizarra eraser
    2 de texto draft
    3 ( boceto) sketch
    * * *
    1) : rough copy, first draft
    en borrador: in the rough
    2) : eraser
    * * *
    borrador n (utensilio) board rubber

    Spanish-English dictionary > borrador

  • 12 croquis

    m. s.&pl.
    sketch.
    * * *
    1 sketch, outline
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM INV sketch

    hacer un croquis — to do o draw a sketch

    * * *
    masculino (pl croquis) sketch
    * * *
    = study print, sketch.
    Ex. For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.
    Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.
    * * *
    masculino (pl croquis) sketch
    * * *
    = study print, sketch.

    Ex: For instance, boys would be terribly attracted to find gorgeous study prints on motorcycles.

    Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.

    * * *
    (pl croquis)
    sketch
    * * *

    croquis sustantivo masculino (pl

    croquis sustantivo masculino inv sketch: ¿has traído los croquis de la urbanización? did you bring the sketches of the housing development?

    ' croquis' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    borrador
    - esquema
    English:
    sketch
    * * *
    croquis nm inv
    sketch
    * * *
    m inv sketch
    * * *
    : rough sketch

    Spanish-English dictionary > croquis

  • 13 वस्तु _vastu

    वस्तु n. [वस्-तुन् Uṇ.1.71]
    1 A really existing thing, the real, a reality; वस्तुन्यवस्त्वारोपो$ज्ञानम्
    -2 A thing in general, an object, article, substance, matter; अथवा मृदु वस्तु हिंसितुं मृदुनैवारभते कृतान्तकः R.8.45; किं वस्तु विद्वन् गुरवे प्रदेयम् 5.18;3.5; वस्तुनीष्टे$प्यनादरः S. D.
    -3 Wealth, property, possessions.
    -4 Essence, nature, natural or essential property.
    -5 Stuff (of which a thing in made), materials, ingredients (fig. also); आकृतिप्रत्ययादेवैनामनूनवस्तुकां संभावयामि M.1.
    -6 The plot (of a drama), the subjet-matter of any poetic compo- sition; कालिदासग्रथितवस्तुना नवेनाभिज्ञानशकुन्तलाख्येन नाटकेनोप- स्थातव्यमस्माभिः Ś.1; अथवा सद्वस्तुपुरुषबहुमानात् V.1.2; आशीर्नमस्क्रियावस्तुनिर्देशो वापि तन्मुखम् S. D.6; Ve.1; Rām.1.3.1.
    -7 The pith of a thing.
    -8 A plan, design.
    -9 (In music) A kind of composition. -f. Ved. A day (?)
    -Comp. -अभावः 1 absence of reality.
    -2 loss of property or possessions.
    -उत्थापनम् the produc- tion of any incident in a drama by means of magic, conjuration; see S. D.42.
    -उपमा a variety of Upamā according to Daṇḍin who thus illustrates it:-- राजीवमिव ते वक्त्रं नेत्रे नीलोत्पले इव । इयं प्रतीयमानैकधर्मा वस्तूपमैव सा ॥ Kāv.2.16; (it is a case of Upamā where the साधारण- धर्म or common quality is omitted).
    -उपहित a. applied to a proper object, bestowed on a proper material; क्रिया हि वस्तूपहिता प्रसीदति R.3.29.
    -कृत a. practised, cherished; Buddh.
    -कोशः N. of a dictionary.
    -क्षणात् ind. at the right moment.
    -जातम् the aggregate of things.
    -तन्त्र a. objective.
    -निर्देशः table of contents, register.
    -पतित a. being real.
    -पुरषः the hero (नायक); सद्वस्तुपुरुषबहुमानात् V.1.2.
    -बलम् the power of things.
    -भावः reality, truth.
    -भूत a. substantial.
    -मात्रम् the mere outline or skeleton of any subject (to be after- wards developed).
    -रचना style, arrangement of matter.
    -विनिमयः barter.
    -विवर्तः (in phil.) the developing of the one real essence.
    -वृत्तम् 1 the real matter, fact.
    -2 a beautiful creature.
    -शक्तितस् ind. through the force of circumstances.
    -शासनम् a genuine edict.
    -शून्य a. unreal.
    -स्थितिः reality.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वस्तु _vastu

  • 14 RÍTA

    (að), v. to write, = ríta.
    * * *
    pres. rít, rítr, rítr; pret. reit, the 2nd pers. does not occur; pl. ritu; subj. riti; imperat. rít; part, ritinn; the earliest writers use the strong conjugation; thus in the treatise of Thorodd, ek rít, 165, l. 26, 166, ll. 22–24, 168, l. 10; rít’k = rít ek, 166, 1. 36; þú rítr, 161, l. 2 from the bottom, 168, l. 19; ek reit, 168, l. 4: part, ritnir, ritin, ritnum,161, 168–168: in the other instances the weak form seems merely due to the transcriber of the Cod. Worm, of the 14th century, and the old forms ought to be restored; thus, pres. ritar, 160, l. 3 from the bottom,165, l. 1; pret. ritaða, ritaðir, 164, l. 31; part, ritað, ll. 3, 32, etc.; intin. rita for ríta, l. 3: Ari also uses the strong form, Íb. 4, Hkr. i. 48: in the pref. to Landn. for ritað read ritið (?); reit, Hkr. iii. 347. In writers of later times, as also in later transcripts of old writers, the weak form (ek rita, ritar, ritar, ritaða, ritað) prevails; thus in the pref. to Ó. H., pres. rita (once), pret. ritaða (five times), ritaði, 248; ritaðar and rituðu, Sturl. i. 107, Fms. x. 371; ritað, Knytl. S. ch. 1, 21, 95, Hungrv, ch. 1; and so on: the part, ritinn remained longest, thus, eptir sögu Þjóðólfs var fyrst ritin æli Ynglinga, Hkr. Frissb. (pref.), Fms. vii. 156, Grág. i. 76, Symb. (fine). The Norse vellums seem to know the weak form only, e. g. ritaði, Sks. 563 B. The root to this word is well known in the Scandin. languages in derived words, as reitr, reita, rít (q. v.), yet the verb itself, at least in the sense ‘to write,’ seems to have been adopted from the A. S., as it nowhere occurs on the Runic stones or in old poets, and always means writing on parchment, rísta being used of writing on stone; the original form is vríta: [A. S. wrítan; Engl. to write; Germ. reissen; O. H. G. rízan = to scratch; Scot. rit or ret; cp. also Ulf. writs = κεραία, Luke xvi. 17.]
    B. Prop. to scratch, cut, sketch, draw an outline; hér eru ritaðir þrír hringar, Rb. 476.
    2. to write, of penmanship, spelling (thus mostly used in Thorodd), as also composition, for illustrations see the references above (A).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > RÍTA

  • 15 muotoilla

    yks.nom. muotoilla; yks.gen. muotoilen; yks.part. muotoili; yks.ill. muotoilisi; mon.gen. muotoilkoon; mon.part. muotoillut; mon.ill. muotoiltiin
    design (verb)
    edit (verb)
    format (verb)
    formulate (verb)
    frame (verb)
    shape (verb)
    style (verb)
    * * *
    • pattern
    • form
    • style
    • format
    • formulate
    • frame
    • outline
    • plan
    • scheme
    • shape
    • sketch
    • elaborate
    • model
    • edit
    • draft
    • design
    • composition
    • arrangement
    • fashion
    • figure

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > muotoilla

  • 16 muotoilu

    yks.nom. muotoilu; yks.gen. muotoilun; yks.part. muotoilua; yks.ill. muotoiluun; mon.gen. muotoilujen muotoiluiden muotoiluitten; mon.part. muotoiluja muotoiluita; mon.ill. muotoiluihin
    design (noun)
    * * *
    • forming
    • sketch
    • shaping
    • scheme
    • plan
    • moulding
    • outline
    • style
    • molding
    • model
    • formulation
    • pattern
    • form
    • figure
    • editing
    • draft
    • design
    • composition
    • arrangement
    • formatting

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > muotoilu

  • 17 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

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